Gramática para IELTS Speaking: estructuras que te llevan a Band 7+

Para Band 7 necesitas "construir frecuentemente oraciones sin errores" con "estructuras complejas variadas". No se trata de memorizar reglas gramaticales — se trata de usar gramática diversa de forma natural al hablar.

Estructuras que los examinadores quieren escuchar

1. Oraciones condicionales

Los condicionales demuestran que puedes hablar de situaciones hipotéticas, algo clave para Band 7+.

• Second conditional (situaciones hipotéticas presentes): "If I had more time, I would travel more often."
• Third conditional (situaciones hipotéticas pasadas): "If I had studied harder, I might have gotten a scholarship."
• Mixed conditional (pasado-presente): "If I had taken that job, I would be living in London now."

Consejo para hispanohablantes: En español usamos el subjuntivo para situaciones hipotéticas ("Si tuviera..."). En inglés, el second conditional usa "If + past simple, would + verb". No confundas "would" con "will".

2. Voz pasiva

La voz pasiva es muy útil en Part 3 para hablar de temas sociales de forma más formal y objetiva.

• "The city has been transformed by rapid development."
• "Children should be encouraged to read from an early age."
• "It could be argued that technology has made life easier."

3. Cláusulas de relativo

Las cláusulas de relativo te permiten agregar información sin empezar una oración nueva.

• "The teacher who had the biggest impact on me was my high school English teacher."
• "My hometown, which is a small coastal city, has changed dramatically."
• "The reason why I chose this career is that I've always been passionate about technology."

4. Tiempos perfectos

Los tiempos perfectos son esenciales y muchos candidatos los evitan, quedándose en Band 6.

• Present perfect: "I've been studying English for about 10 years now."
• Present perfect continuous: "I've been working on improving my pronunciation lately."
• Past perfect: "By the time I arrived, the meeting had already started."

Nota: En español usamos el pretérito simple donde el inglés usa present perfect. "I have lived here for 5 years" (no "I live here since 5 years"). Este es un error muy frecuente.

5. Oraciones de énfasis (cleft sentences)

Estas estructuras muestran sofisticación gramatical y son ideales para destacar información.

• "What I really enjoy about my job is the variety."
• "It was my mother who inspired me to become a teacher."
• "The thing that concerns me most is the lack of green spaces."

6. Estructuras con -ing y to + infinitive

• "I spent most of my childhood playing outdoors."
• "I managed to finish the project ahead of schedule."
• "It's worth considering the long-term effects."

Errores gramaticales frecuentes

Error	Incorrecto	Correcto
Concordancia	"People is important"	"People are important"
Artículos	"I go to university" (específica)	"I go to the university near my house"
Tiempos verbales	"Yesterday I go to the shop"	"Yesterday I went to the shop"
Preposiciones	"Depend of"	"Depend on"
Contabilidad	"Many informations"	"A lot of information"
Present perfect	"I live here since 2020"	"I've lived here since 2020"

Ejercicio práctico

Responde esta pregunta de Part 3 usando al menos 3 estructuras complejas diferentes:

"How has technology changed the way people work?"

Ejemplo (Band 7): "Technology has fundamentally transformed the workplace (present perfect + passive). What I find most remarkable is that people can now work from virtually anywhere (cleft sentence). If this trend continues, I believe traditional offices might become obsolete (first conditional + modal)."

Practica este ejercicio diariamente con diferentes preguntas. Grábate y revisa si usaste al menos 3 estructuras distintas.